Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a highly versatile food ingredient that has been widely used to enhance the quality, functionality, and sensory characteristics of various food products. In this article, we will explore the different roles that MCC plays in food and how it contributes to the over

Polydeoxyribonucleotide, also known as PDRN, is a compound that has gained popularity in recent years due to its various therapeutic uses in medical field. PDRN is a polymer composed of deoxyribonucleotides which are the building blocks of DNA. Studies have shown that PDRN has anti-inflammatory and

D-erythrulose (also known as erythrulose) is a four-saccharide carbohydrate with the chemical formula C4H8O4. [1][2] It has a keto group and thus belongs to the ketose family. It is often used in some self-tanning cosmetics in combination with dihydroxyacetone (DHA). [3]Erythrulose/DHA reacts with a

Epitalon, a synthetic peptide, telomerase activator, and putative anti-aging drug,[1][2] was identified as the putative active ingredient of bovine pineal extract epithelium. [3]Most research on the epithelium and the epithalamus has been carried out at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation

Dihydroxyacetone (/ˌdaɪhaɪˌdrɒksiˈæsɪtoʊn/ ( listen); DHA, also known as glycerol, is a simple sugar (triose). DHA is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and glycerol fermentation.prepare[edit]DHA can

Azelaic acid (AzA) is an organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH2)7COOH. [3] This saturated dicarboxylic acid exists as a white powder. It is found in wheat, rye and barley. It is a precursor to a variety of industrial products including polymers and plasticizers, and an ingredient in many hair an

Centella asiatica, commonly known as Indian pennywort and Asiatic pennywort, is an herbaceous perennial in the flowering plant family Umbelliferae. [2] It is native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia and the islands of the Western Pacific. [2][3][4][5] It is used as a culinary vegetable

Melanotan II is a synthetic analogue of the peptide hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which stimulates melanin production and increases sexual arousal.It was being developed as a drug candidate for female sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction, but clinical development was halte

Salidroside (salidroside) is a tyrosyl glycoside found in the plant Rhodiola rosea. [1] It has been studied along with rosavin as one of the potential compounds responsible for the plant's putative antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. [2][3] Salidroside may be more active than rosavin,[4] although

Propolis or propolis is a resinous mixture produced by bees by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate collected from tree buds, sap, or other plant sources. It is used as a sealant for unwanted open spaces in beehives. Propolis is used for small gaps (about 6 mm (1⁄4 in) or less), while gaps larger

The composition of propolis varies by hive, region and season. [6] Typically, it is dark brown, but can also be green, red, black, and white, depending on the source of the resin found in a particular hive area. Honey bees are opportunists, gathering what they need from available resources, and deta

TopologySchlegel diagrams are often used to elucidate the 3D structure of closed-shell fullerenes, since 2D projections are often not ideal in this sense. [53]In mathematical terms, the combinatorial topology (i.e. carbon atoms and bonds between them, neglecting their positions and distances) of clo

Fullerenes are allotropes of carbon whose molecules consist of carbon atoms joined by single and double bonds to form a closed or partially closed network with fused rings of five to seven atoms. Molecules can be hollow spheres, ellipsoids, tubes, or many other shapes and sizes. Graphene (isolated a

Applications[edit]Fullerenes have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, including the design of high-performance MRI contrast agents, X-ray imaging contrast agents, photodynamic therapy, and drug and gene delivery, summarized in several comprehensive reviews. [78]Cancer research[

Ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) is a natural compound present in a variety of bacteria. It is a compatible solute that helps organisms survive extreme osmotic pressure by acting as an osmolyte as a protective substance. Ecrine is abundant in halophilic microorganism

Copper Peptide GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine. This tripeptide has a strong affinity for copper(II) and was originally isolated from human plasma. It can also be found in saliva and urine.Overview[edit]Several copper(II)-peptide complexes

Xylan (/ˈzaɪlæn/;[3] /ˈzaɪlən/[4]) (CAS number: 9014-63-5) is a hemicellulose, a polysaccharide mainly composed of xylose residues. It is present in secondary cell walls of plants, dicots and all cell walls of grasses. [5] Xylan is the third most abundant biopolymer on Earth, after cellulose and chi

Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpenoid with the molecular formula C30H50. It is a colorless oil, but impure samples are yellow. It was originally extracted from shark liver oil (hence the name, since dogfish is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12 percent of the squalene in the human b

Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpenoid with the molecular formula C30H50. It is a colorless oil, but impure samples are yellow. It was originally extracted from shark liver oil (hence the name, since dogfish is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12 percent of the squalene in the human b

Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpenoid with the molecular formula C30H50. It is a colorless oil, but impure samples are yellow. It was originally extracted from shark liver oil (hence the name, since dogfish is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12 percent of the squalene in the human b