Ceramides are a class of waxy lipid molecules. Ceramides are composed of N-acetylceramide and fatty acids. Ceramides are abundant in the cell membranes of eukaryotic cells because they are the lipid components that make up sphingomyelin, one of the main lipids in lipid bilayers. [1] Contrary to prev

Idebenone and its usesIdebenone (pronounced eye-deb-eh-known and sold under the trade names Catena, Raxone, Sovrima, and others) is a drug originally developed by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company to treat Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive deficits . [1] This has had limited success. Swiss company

A polymer (/ˈpɒlɪmər/;[4][5] Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, consisting of many repeating subunits. [6] Due to their wide range of properties,[7] synthetic and natural polymers play important and ubiquitous role

Polyglutamic acid (PGA) is a polymer of the amino acid glutamic acid (GA). Gamma PGA (poly-gamma-glutamic acid, γ-PGA)—a form in which the peptide bond is located between the amino group of GA and the carboxyl group at the end of the side chain of GA—is the main component of the Japanese food natto.

Allantoin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H6N4O3. It is also known as 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. [1][2] It is a diurea of glyoxylic acid. Allantoin is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms, including animals, plants and bacteria. It is produced from uric aci

Polyquaternium is an international cosmetic ingredient nomenclature that refers to several polycationic polymers used in the personal care industry. Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in polymers. INCI has approved at least 40 different polyme

Magnesium phosphate is a general term for magnesium salts and phosphates that occur in several forms and in several hydrated forms.monomagnesium phosphateMonomagnesium phosphate is a form of magnesium phosphate. It is a magnesium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Mg(H2PO4)2. Dihydrat

Aminolevulinic acid Side effects 5-Aminolevulinic acid), an endogenous non-proteinogenic amino acid, is the first compound in the porphyrin synthesis pathway that leads to heme in mammals [3] and chlorophyll in plants [4].5ALA for photodynamic detection and surgery of cancer.Medical use[edit]As a pr

Sodium ascorbate is one of many mineral salts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The molecular formula of this compound is C6H7NaO6. As the sodium salt of ascorbic acid, it is known as mineral ascorbate. It has not been shown to be more bioavailable than any other form of vitamin C supplementation. [2]So

Kojic acid and its usesKojic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOCH2C5H2O2OH. It is a derivative of 4-pyrone that occurs in nature as a chelating agent produced by various fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae, whose common name in Japan is koji. [2][3][4] Kojic acid is a by-produ

5 Skincare benefits of licorice root extract (glycyrrhizinate)What is licorice root and what are its skin care benefits? Licorice root, derived from the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant, has long been revered in Japan for its medicinal properties and health benefits. Scientists have recently discovered that

Glycyrrhizin (or glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhizic acid) is the main sweetening component of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root. Structurally, it is a saponin that is used as an emulsifier and gel former in food and cosmetics. Its aglycone is enoxone.Pharmacokinetics[edit]After oral admini

For a long time, whitening ingredients have emerged in an endless stream, such as niacinamide, arbutin, resveratrol, phloretin, ferulic acid, tetrahydrocurcumin, vitamin C and its derivatives, kojic acid, etc. Among these whitening ingredients, some ingredients are famous, but their effect is not ou

Glabridin is a flavonoid active ingredient derived from licorice root. It is a common whitening ingredient. Only 1 gram of glabridin can be extracted from every 500 kg of licorice root. Its whitening effect is 1000 times that of vitamin C, so it also enjoys the reputation of "whitening gold". As the

Skin care products including alpha arbutin have become very popular recently. People have started vouching for this ingredient because of its various benefits. Let's take a look at the benefits of using alpha-arbutin on a daily basis.Reduces dark spots and hyperpigmentationAlpha Arbutin limits the p

Monobenzone, also known as 4-(Benzyloxy)phenol and monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (MBEH), is an organic chemical in the phenol family with the formula C6H5CH2OC6H4OH. [1][2] It is used as a topical remedy for medical depigmentation. [3] It is a colorless solid classified as the monobenzyl ether of

In 1989, Marazen, a researcher at the Japanese Skin Research Institute, discovered and extracted glabridin from licorice glabra. Only 100g glabridin powder can be extracted from 1000kg glabra. The skin benefits of glabridin powder in cosmetics make it the king of skin lightening. The hydrophobic par

In your quest to brighten your complexion, lighten dark spots, or reduce hyperpigmentation, you may be curious about your options. One star ingredient you should be paying attention to? Arbutin, a topical ingredient known for its ability to make your skin glow.Arbutin is a derivative of hydroquinone

You can safely use concentrations up to 2 percent in creams and 0.5 percent in body lotions, Chiu notes, adding that the ingredient is "safer and less aggressive than hydroquinone." (Although hydroquinone in concentrations above 1% has been banned in cosmetics by the European Union, Japan, Australia

When looking at skin care labels, you may find some products that contain alpha-arbutin or deoxyarbutin, and others that contain beta-arbutin. Alpha-arbutin and deoxyarbutin are synthetic forms of arbutin, while beta-arbutin is a plant-derived form of arbutin. "Both forms of arbutin inhibit melanin