Melanotan II is a synthetic analogue of the peptide hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which stimulates melanin production and increases sexual arousal.It was being developed as a drug candidate for female sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction, but clinical development was halte

Salidroside (salidroside) is a tyrosyl glycoside found in the plant Rhodiola rosea. [1] It has been studied along with rosavin as one of the potential compounds responsible for the plant's putative antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. [2][3] Salidroside may be more active than rosavin,[4] although

Propolis or propolis is a resinous mixture produced by bees by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate collected from tree buds, sap, or other plant sources. It is used as a sealant for unwanted open spaces in beehives. Propolis is used for small gaps (about 6 mm (1⁄4 in) or less), while gaps larger

The composition of propolis varies by hive, region and season. [6] Typically, it is dark brown, but can also be green, red, black, and white, depending on the source of the resin found in a particular hive area. Honey bees are opportunists, gathering what they need from available resources, and deta

TopologySchlegel diagrams are often used to elucidate the 3D structure of closed-shell fullerenes, since 2D projections are often not ideal in this sense. [53]In mathematical terms, the combinatorial topology (i.e. carbon atoms and bonds between them, neglecting their positions and distances) of clo

Fullerenes are allotropes of carbon whose molecules consist of carbon atoms joined by single and double bonds to form a closed or partially closed network with fused rings of five to seven atoms. Molecules can be hollow spheres, ellipsoids, tubes, or many other shapes and sizes. Graphene (isolated a

Applications[edit]Fullerenes have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, including the design of high-performance MRI contrast agents, X-ray imaging contrast agents, photodynamic therapy, and drug and gene delivery, summarized in several comprehensive reviews. [78]Cancer research[

Ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) is a natural compound present in a variety of bacteria. It is a compatible solute that helps organisms survive extreme osmotic pressure by acting as an osmolyte as a protective substance. Ecrine is abundant in halophilic microorganism

Copper Peptide GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine. This tripeptide has a strong affinity for copper(II) and was originally isolated from human plasma. It can also be found in saliva and urine.Overview[edit]Several copper(II)-peptide complexes

Xylan (/ˈzaɪlæn/;[3] /ˈzaɪlən/[4]) (CAS number: 9014-63-5) is a hemicellulose, a polysaccharide mainly composed of xylose residues. It is present in secondary cell walls of plants, dicots and all cell walls of grasses. [5] Xylan is the third most abundant biopolymer on Earth, after cellulose and chi

Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpenoid with the molecular formula C30H50. It is a colorless oil, but impure samples are yellow. It was originally extracted from shark liver oil (hence the name, since dogfish is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12 percent of the squalene in the human b

Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpenoid with the molecular formula C30H50. It is a colorless oil, but impure samples are yellow. It was originally extracted from shark liver oil (hence the name, since dogfish is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12 percent of the squalene in the human b

Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpenoid with the molecular formula C30H50. It is a colorless oil, but impure samples are yellow. It was originally extracted from shark liver oil (hence the name, since dogfish is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12 percent of the squalene in the human b

Ceramides are a class of waxy lipid molecules. Ceramides are composed of N-acetylceramide and fatty acids. Ceramides are abundant in the cell membranes of eukaryotic cells because they are the lipid components that make up sphingomyelin, one of the main lipids in lipid bilayers. [1] Contrary to prev

Idebenone and its usesIdebenone (pronounced eye-deb-eh-known and sold under the trade names Catena, Raxone, Sovrima, and others) is a drug originally developed by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company to treat Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive deficits . [1] This has had limited success. Swiss company

A polymer (/ˈpɒlɪmər/;[4][5] Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, consisting of many repeating subunits. [6] Due to their wide range of properties,[7] synthetic and natural polymers play important and ubiquitous role

Polyglutamic acid (PGA) is a polymer of the amino acid glutamic acid (GA). Gamma PGA (poly-gamma-glutamic acid, γ-PGA)—a form in which the peptide bond is located between the amino group of GA and the carboxyl group at the end of the side chain of GA—is the main component of the Japanese food natto.

Allantoin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H6N4O3. It is also known as 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. [1][2] It is a diurea of glyoxylic acid. Allantoin is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms, including animals, plants and bacteria. It is produced from uric aci

Polyquaternium is an international cosmetic ingredient nomenclature that refers to several polycationic polymers used in the personal care industry. Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in polymers. INCI has approved at least 40 different polyme

Magnesium phosphate is a general term for magnesium salts and phosphates that occur in several forms and in several hydrated forms.monomagnesium phosphateMonomagnesium phosphate is a form of magnesium phosphate. It is a magnesium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Mg(H2PO4)2. Dihydrat